Ngā āhuatanga me ngā tikanga whakapūkara o ngā taputapu whakapūkara pia

Ngā taputapu whakapūkara piahe ipu e whakarato ana i tētahi taiao pai mō tētahi tukanga matū koiora motuhake. Mō ētahi tukanga, he ipu kati me tētahi pūnaha whakahaere tika; mō ētahi atu tukanga māmā, he ipu tuwhera, i ētahi wā he ngāwari noa iho pērā i te kotahi noa te whakatuwheratanga, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te tāke whakapūkara tuwhera.

Ngā āhuatanga o ngā taputapu whakapūkara:

Ko te tikanga, ka whakatakotoria tēnei taputapu ki waho. Ka tomo te wort hou kua horoia me te rewena ki roto i te tāke mai i raro; ina tino kaha te whakapūtanga, ka whakamahia ngā uhi whakamatao katoa hei pupuri i te pāmahana whakapūtanga e tika ana. Ko te nuinga o te hauhautanga he ethylene glycol, he wairewa waipiro rānei, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te haukini (te mimiti tika) hei hauhautanga; ka tukuna te hau CO2 mai i te tihi o te tāke. He poka wai kei te tinana o te tāke me te taupoki o te tāke, ā, kua tāutahia he ine pēhanga, he takirere haumaru me te karāhe tirohanga ki runga i te tihi o te tāke. Kua tāutahia he paipa pupuhi CO2 kua purea ki raro o te tāke. Kei te tinana o te tāke he ngongo tauira me he paipa inemahana. Kua takaihia te taha o waho o te taputapu ki tētahi paparanga whakamarumaru pai hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o te makariri.

Tikanga whakapūkara:

"Kotahi-Te Whakapūtanga o te Tāke"ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tukanga whakapūkara katoa ka mahia i roto i tētahi tāke kōniko, kāore he wehenga pakari i waenga i te whakapūkara o mua me o muri, ā, ka poto ake te wā whakaputa ki te whakataurite ki te tikanga tukanga tuku iho. Ka tohaina noa te tikanga whakahaere motuhake.

Te tukanga whakapūkara noa o te lager:

Ko te pāmahana werohanga rewena o te whakapūkara lager he 6-10℃ te tikanga, ā, ko te pāmahana whakapūkara mōrahi he 12℃. Ko te wā mai i te werohanga ki te whakapūkara he 5-7 ngā rā. Ina heke te ihirangi huka ki te 3.8-4.2°P, ka hiritia te kēne. Kia piki te pēhanga, ka puritia te pēhanga o te tāke ki te 0.12MPa. Kia piki te pāmahana ki te 12℃, ka puritia, ā, ka tatauhia mō ngā rā 5-7 hei whakaiti i te diacetyl.

I muri i tēnā, ka whakamataohia te pāmahana ki te 5℃, ā, ka puritia mō te rā kotahi, kātahi ka whakamataohia ki te 0℃. Ka rerekē te tere whakamatao i ngā wāhanga rerekē. I te wāhanga 12℃-5℃, ka whakamataohia te pāmahana i te tere o te 0.3℃/h, ā, i te wāhanga 5℃-0℃, ka whakamataohia te pāmahana i te tere o te 0.1℃/h. Ko te wāhanga i muri i te pakari o te whakapūkara lager he 5-7 ngā rā.

Ngā mahi tukatuka whakapūkara pia e whakamahia whānuitia ana:

Ko te pāmahana werohanga o te whakapūkara pia he 16-18℃ te tikanga, he teitei ake i te pāmahana werohanga o te pia. Ka taea e tōna pāmahana whakapūkara teitei te eke ki te 20-23℃. E 1-1.5 ngā rā mai i te werohanga ki te whakapūkara, he wā poto ake tēnei. Ka hiritia hoki te whakapūkara ina heke te nui o te huka ki te 3.8-4.2°P. I muri i te pikinga o te pēhanga, ka puritia te pēhanga o te tāke ki te 0.12-0.15MPa. I muri i te pikinga o te pāmahana ki te 20℃, ka puritia, ka whakaritea te wā mō ngā rā 5-6 hei whakaora i te diacetyl.

Ko te wāhanga whakamatao o te whakapūkara pia he whakaheke i te pāmahana ki te 5℃, ka noho mō te rā kotahi, kātahi ka whakamatao ki te 0℃. I te wāhanga 20℃-5℃, ka whakahekehia te pāmahana i te tere o te 0.3℃/h, ā, i te wāhanga 5℃-0℃, ka whakahekehia te pāmahana i te tere o te 0.1℃/h. I muri i te penapena i te pāmahana iti mō te 5-7 rā, ka pakari te pia. Ko te tikanga ka whakapūkarahia te pia i te 8-12℃, ā, ko te pia he 16-20℃. Hei tāpiri, me aro ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te takurua.

He painga, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki te whakahaere i ngā pāmahana whakapūkara rerekē. Ina whakamahia te whakapūkara pāmahana iti, he iti ake ngā hua taha ka puta i te rewena i te wā o te tukanga whakapūkara, he reka ake te pia, ā, he pai te āhua o te pahuka, engari he roa te wā whakapūkara; ina whakamahia te whakapūkara pāmahana teitei, ka tere ake te whakapūkara o te rewena, he poto ake te wā whakapūkara, ā, he teitei te tere whakamahi taputapu, engari he nui ake ngā hua taha ka puta, ā, he kino ake te reka o te pia.

Te pēhanga whakapūkara: Ko te pēhanga whakapūkara o te pia rāka e whakahaeretia ana i te 0.12MPa, ā, ko te pēhanga o te pia pia he 0.15MPa. Ko te pēhanga whakapūkara e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga reka whakamutunga o te hua. Ka teitei ake te pēhanga, ka iti iho hoki te pāmahana o te pia, ka nui ake te rewa o te hauhā waro, ka kaha ake te mana reka o te pia, ā, ka momona ake, ka roa hoki te pahuka.